Bottleneck and solution of e-commerce logistics development

                 《世界华商经济年鉴》 2011年6月29日 作者：杨涛 
    电子商务为信息流、资金流与物流的统一。然而随着电子商务的推广和应用,物流配送已成为制约我国电子商务发展的瓶颈。本文深入分析了当前我国电子商务物流配送体系中存在的主要问题,并对如何构建电子商务的物流配送体系提出了相应对策。 
　　一、电子商务物流概述 
　　电子商务是在Internet上基于C/S（浏览器/服务器）模式，实现消费者的网上购物、商户之间的网上交易、在线电子支付等网络服务的一种新型的商业运营模式。电子商务中的任何一笔交易，都包含着基本的“三流”，即信息流、商流、资金流和物流。其中作为有形商品网上商务活动的重要支持环节之一的物流，其现代体系能否建立并得到完善，目前不仅成为电子商务网上商务活动的一个主要障碍，也已成为我国现代物流业能否顺利发展的一个重要的影响因素。 
　　物流配送的效率已经成为制约我国电子商务快速发展的一个重要瓶颈，如果没有一个高效、合理、畅通的物流配送系统，电子商务所具有的方便、快捷优势就难以得到有效的发挥。如何建立一个高效率、低成本的物流配送体系，,已成为电子商务的通畅发展的保证。 
　　二、我国电子商务物流体系现状 
　　从总体上看，目前我国物流配送体系尚处于发展初期，其规模还比较小、发展水平也比较低，而电子商务的快速发展更暴露了我国物流体系的不足。因

The construction of efficient, fast and reasonable modern logistics system has become an urgent problem to be solved in the development of e-commerce.

The factors that affect and restrict the healthy development of logistics industry:

1 e-commerce logistics and distribution infrastructure is not perfect

After years of development, China has made some progress in the transportation, storage facilities, information and communication, the packaging of goods and transportation and other logistics infrastructure equipment, but generally speaking, China's logistics infrastructure is relatively backward, especially in the region segmentation, since the main management mode, planning and the construction of logistics infrastructure lack of unified coordination necessary, so logistics infrastructure and compatibility are relatively poor, it is difficult to play a scale. Particularly in relation to the connection between the various modes of transport, transport system and hub facilities and related service facilities lack of investment, greatly delayed the various comprehensive transportation hub, logistics center and the development of base construction, these factors directly affect the coordinated development of the logistics system of electronic commerce in china.

2 logistics infrastructure layout is not reasonable

In recent years, the state finance has increased investment in logistics infrastructure construction from the macro, but because of the past "heavy production, light circulation" thought, the scale of logistics infrastructure in China is still relatively small, not only behind the developed countries, and developing countries such as India, Brazil and other development level also exists a large gap.

1 establish and improve laws and regulations, strengthen infrastructure investment

The logistics industry belongs to the social development of basic industries, the need for government involvement and support, establish and improve the regulations and related policies of e-commerce logistics management under the guidance of the government, and the logistics of the main qualifications and rights norms, can create a good macro environment for the development of modern logistics.

At the same time, to strengthen the logistics base, logistics centers and other logistics infrastructure planning, and pay attention to the coordination of regional and urban logistics development planning. Only scientific and rational layout of logistics center, in order to improve logistics speed and logistics efficiency.

2 establish the socialization and industrialization of logistics distribution system

The key to establish the socialization and industrialization of the logistics distribution system is to establish a logistics distribution center which is suitable for the development of e-commerce. The way of logistics distribution center enterprise self - owned, rebuilt distribution mode, outsourcing, that is, the third party distribution model, joint distribution model. The construction investment of electronic business enterprise is relatively large, the logistics cost is high, and the logistics management level is high, so it is not suitable for our country. Common logistics center including the construction of e-commerce enterprises and logistics enterprises or production enterprises in two forms, so that e-commerce companies can use storage facilities of existing enterprises to save construction investment, reduce logistics cost and improve distribution efficiency. The outsourcing logistics center, also known as the third party logistics, refers to the mode of operation of the electronic commerce enterprise to entrust the supplier or the logistics center to complete the logistics service. Such e-commerce enterprises can focus on the core business, and logistics related business links to the specialized logistics enterprise operation, in order to save and efficient. By rationalizing the layout, the scattered social logistics network will be concentrated to form the industrialization, which can realize the scale benefit of the logistics and the zero stock production of the enterprise.

3 establish logistics enterprise credit system, improve customer loyalty

Because e-commerce is carried out under the virtual environment of the network, both sides of the transaction can not face to face transactions, in such a virtual society to establish the confidence and credit is very important. So it is necessary to set up logistics enterprises "integrity-based" service system, in order to truly realize the "customer centered" concept, in order to give consumers real shopping convenience, win the trust of consumers.

Secondly, to improve the visibility of the whole process of logistics, the establishment of integrated delivery network, increase the distribution of cargo tracking information, internal information network, information transformation, can break the distribution bottleneck, greatly improving the service level of logistics enterprises, reduce costs, enhance competitiveness.

4 training high-quality logistics management personnel

In the logistics personnel training, first by the government education management agency action, initiated the establishment of continuing education including college degree education, occupation education, logistics enterprise post education and social training institutions of various levels, with each other and mutually complementary talents cultivation system. Second, we must speed up our country university practical logistics education engineering, training mode should be combined with its own characteristics to explore the logistics professional curriculum and students in Colleges and universities, training personnel to promote the logistics of our country in various forms, expand the scale of logistics management professional education. We should vigorously develop the occupation education, the establishment of "one" training mode of vocational education, the occupation activity guidance, occupation skill training as the core, drive project as the carrier, strengthen teaching practice, openness and occupation, create occupation situation in practice teaching, realize the integration of theory teaching and practice teaching. For the logistics transportation industry meet the needs of the social development "fine operation and management, understand the operation of" high-quality skilled talents. In the implementation process, through the depth of cooperation with enterprises, professional market research and analysis of post logistics occupation demand, according to the logistics management professional high-quality high skilled personnel occupation quality and occupation ability training requirements, carry out the "order" training.

Four. Conclusion

To sum up, logistics is an important part of e-commerce, is the fundamental guarantee for the implementation of e-commerce. If you want to break through the development of China's e-commerce "logistics bottleneck", only as soon as possible to establish informatization, automation, network and socialization of reasonable and efficient logistics system, strengthen the construction of logistics infrastructure, focusing on the planning and construction of new logistics infrastructure, the establishment of regulations and supporting policies to improve the operation platform for the healthy development of logistics the industry, the establishment of e-commerce logistics credit system and vigorously cultivate logistics talents, to promote the healthy and rapid development of the logistics industry in china. At the same time, to strengthen the infrastructure investment, scientific and rational layout of logistics center, in order to improve logistics speed and logistics efficiency. Only in this way can we clear the obstacles of the development of e-commerce in China, and promote the rapid development of e-commerce in china.